Your suspicion about overconsumption on ultra-processed foods is absolutely correct. The experiment you suggest has already been done (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008). It was a controlled in-patient crossover feeding trial that showed that consumption of “ultra-processed foods” lead to a 50% increased calorie intake. Numerous observational trials have shown the impact that higher energy density has on increasing ad libitum

energy intake and body weight.

In my eyes, the question remains: is the industry to blame for this or the consumer? After all, on a societal level, humans desire highly palatable foods (it's what drove our ancestors to the foods that kept them alive) and given the opportunity to produce such foods, we will.