Thanks for sharing your insights, Bob. What sets the synthetic GLP-1 agonists apart from the natural molecule is their resistance to DPP-driven chemical breakdown. That gives the synthetic version a half-life of approximately 7 days, which is why a weekly dose of semaglutide is sufficient.

With respect to allulose: it is structurally similar to fructose (5-carbon ring, pentose) but the human body has no enzyme to utilize it, which is why most of it is excreted, and it has a very low calorie yield (one-tenth of sugar). There have been indeed some experimental investigations into its effect on satiety hormones (such as GLP-1 and CCK) and subjective sensations of satiety. While it affected the hormonal response (similar to erythritol) the effects were too small to be noticed by the study subjects. Their satiety response was no different from placebo tap water. So, I’m not very optimistic for allulose as a weight loss aide other than its ability to reduce the glycemic response to foods in which it substitutes for sugar.